Nickel und Energiespeicher
Für Cobalt ist der Bedarf in China aller Voraussicht nach frühestens 2045, in Europa 2052 und in den USA erst ab 2056 durch Recycling gesichert. Für Nickel gilt: China kann den Bedarf wohl frühestens 2046, Europa erst ab 2058 und die USA ab 2064 durch Recycling decken. Es ginge aber auch schneller
How much energy and water is needed for nickel production?
The energy and water required for nickel production are anticipated to increase to as much as 0.3% and 0.035% of projected 2050 overall global energy and water demands. 1. Introduction Metals are used in most modern technologies either as necessary constituents or to enhance technological efficiencies.
What is the future energy required for primary nickel production?
The future energy required for primary nickel production is a function of ore grade; the relationships between ore grade (g) and embedded energy for the two main processing routes (pyrometallurgical for sulfide and part of the laterite ores and hydrometallurgical for the remaining laterite ores) as given by Eq. 2 a and 2b and Fig. 3 b.
What are economic nickel resources?
Economic nickel resources are found in two types of ores: sulfides and laterites. Nickel resources have traditionally been primarily produced from sulfide ores.
How can we expand a cleaner nickel supply?
Diversified investment sources and responsible investment levers that differentially support sustainable capacity building will be essential to expand a cleaner nickel supply.
Who is interested in a nickel supply and demand chain scenario?
The scenario results presented here are thus of interest to a wide variety of the segments of society: the nickel industry, nickel supply and demand chain participants, economic planners, and doubtless others.
What is the fraction of nickel demand that can be met?
The fraction of nickel demand that can be met by the supply from secondary sources is determined by the historical nickel demand, the lifetime of nickel applications, and nickel recycling rates and efficiencies.